Англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням

UNIT 2

My specialty is techologist

BASIC LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Poultry keeping

DO THIS TEST!

Learn the active vocabulary of the Lesson and be ready to use it in your further work:

Cock n , rooster – півень;

chicken n , hen – курка;

chick n – курча;

cockerel n , young roster – молодий півень;  

broiler n – бройлер;

poultry keeping – птахівництво;

poultry keeper – птахівник;

poultry farm – пташина ферма;  

poultry house – пташина ферма;  

to lay eggs – нести яйця;  

turkey n – індичка;

goose n (geese) – гуска (гуси);

duck n – качка;

duckling n – каченя;

consumption n – споживання;

broiler n – бройлер;

wire cage – дротяна клітка;

tier n – ярус;

nearideal conditions – близькі до ідеальних умов;

latter condition – остання умова;

farm flock – фермерський табун, зграя;

weed control – боротьба з бур'янами;

litter floor – підстилка;

feather n – пір'їна;

ostrich n – страус;

pigeon n – голуб;

squab n – голубеня;

breeds of poultry – породи сільськогосподарської птиці;

fowl n – птах

Read and translate the text:

POULTRY

Poultry are kept; for flesh and eggs. They include hens with chicken, turkeys, cocks, ducks with ducklings and geese with goslings.

The breeds of poultry are numerous. There are no teeth in the mouth of the fowl, the food is swallowed whole so the fowl is able to digest its food and absorb the nutrients much more rapidly than other farm stock.

Poultry Farming is commercial rising of chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese for their meat and eggs. Since the 1930s and 1940s, the poultry industry has become one of the most efficient producers of protein for human consumption. It expanded rapidly during World War II because of the shortage of beef and pork, which require a much longer time to develop; only seven weeks are required to produce a broiler and five months to produce a laying hen.  

Chickens

Today more than 85 percent of the laying hens are housed in wire cages containing from two to ten hens each. The cages may be in a single tier or in tiers of up to five cages. Most of these are automated to provide a constant supply of feed and

water and to maintain control of the environment. With temperatures remaining at nearideal conditions, the birds never suffer frozen feet. Mortality is consistently lower than in the times when hens were mainly housed on a litter floor, where they were constantly in contact with one another and with feces; the latter condition also required more antibiotics and drugs to prevent disease.

Turkeys

The turkey industry began to develop on a larger scale in the late 1930s and early 1940s and has since grown rapidly. At first the birds were grown on ranges, but disease problems forced farmers to raise them on wire platforms. This proved costly and labor inefficient, so when controls were found for the diseases, turkey farms returned to the use of ranges or large houses

Geese

Most geese are produced in small farm flocks of up to a few hundred; few large operations exist. The birds are hardy and are usually grown on ranges, where they are good foragers and require little care after the first two or three weeks. Goose remains a specialty food, but the demand for goose down has increased in recent decades. The birds themselves are sometimes used by farmers for weed control.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the most popular poultry raised in the USA?

2. Why has poultry industry become one  of the most efficient producers of protein for human consumption?

3. How much time is required to produce a broiler or a laying hen?

4. What is the result of modern technological development of poultry industry?

5. What conditions are provided for raising hens?

6. Why does the use of cages provide greater comfort than litter floors?

7. When did the turkey industry begin to develop?

8. Where were the birds grown at first?

9. What do you know about the geese producing? 

II. Remove suffixes in the following words, translate them and tell what part of the speech they belong to:

Include, including, inclusion, inclusive; numerate, numeral, numerable, numerator, numeration, numerous, numerously, numerical, numerically; absorb, absorbent, absorber, absorbing, absorption; digest, digester, digesibilityt, digestible, digestion, digestive; commercial, commerce, commercialese, commercialism, commercialize;

III. Give antonyms to the following words:

Include, numerous, swallowed, rapidly, commercial, efficient, shortage, develop, another, frozen, mortality, lower, prevent, large, after, sometimes, control.

IV. Find a common word:

a) chickens, turkeys, ducks, fowl, geese;

b) chick, turkey poult, duckling, goosling, baby bird, chick ostrich, squal;

c) hen, turkey, duck, dame (goose), hen ostrich, hen pigeon, female bird;

d) rooster, gobbler, drake, gander, male bird, cock ostrich, cock pigeon.

V. Match domestic birds with their corresponding definitions: