Англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням

My specialty is techologist

BASIC LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Farm animals

Learn the active vocabulary of the Lesson and be ready to use it in your further work:

Barn n – корівник, стайня;

body n – тулуб, тіло, труп;

branch n – галузь;

breed n, v – порода; розводити;

cattle-pen n – загін, кошара (для овець);

cattle-plague n – чума рогатої худоби;

clothing n – одяг;

conserve v – зберігати, берегти;

consider v – вважати;

employ v – використовувати;

except prep – крім, за винятком;

exception n – виняток;

fodder n – корм, фураж;

fowl n – птиця;

fur n, a – хутро; хутряний;

furnish v – постачати, надавати;

honey n – мед;

improve v – удосконалювати;

in a proper way – належним чином;

lorry n – вантажівка;

make up v – складати;

mule n – мул, осел;

national economy – народне господарство;

perform v – виконувати, здійснювати;

plot n – земельна ділянка;

portion n – частка, порція;

power n – сила, енергія, влада;

prevent v – запобігати;

private a – приватний;

production n – виробництво, продукція;

raise v – підвищувати, вирощувати;

restore v – відновлювати, відтворювати;

skin n – шкіра, шкура;

supply n, v – постачання; постачати;

valuable а – цінний;

yield n – продуктивність, урожай;

animal breeding – тваринництво;

animal husbandry – тваринництво.

Read and translate the text:

FARM ANIMALS

Farm animals belong to the large group of animals known as vertebrates, or animals with a backbone. Fishes, birds and mammals all have a backbone and are vertebrates. But most of the ordinary farm animals with the exception of poultry belong to the class of mammals, that is animals which suckle their young.

Some of the farm animals, such as cattle and sheep, ruminate, while others do not. In ruminants the stomach is not simple, as in the pig, but consists of four parts.

Farm animals serve man by furnishing him food, clothing and supplying many other necessary products and services. Some parts of animal bodies, such as skins, wool, furs, feather, bones, are valuable raw materials for various industries. The meat we eat is furnished largely by cattle, sheep, swine and poultry (fowls, geese, ducks, turkeys etc.). We get honey from bees. Much of our clothing is made of wool from sheep.

Horses, mules and oxen have been used by man for many kinds of work, although much of the work formally done by farm animals is now performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery.

Animal breeding and animal husbandry are important mainstays of agricultural sector. The purpose of farm animal husbandry is first and foremost to produce food such as milk and meat, and to obtain animal products such as wool, hides or pelts. Targeted animal breeding helps to maintain both animal performance and animal health in the long term.

Economic conditions and consumer expectations, which have risen greatly in recent years, exert a great influence on animal husbandry as well as the legislation governing animal welfare and environmental protection. It is extreemly important to receive different financial assistance options to support science and industry in developing husbandry methods to bring about improvements regarding animal welfare, environmental impact, occupational health and safety, and competitiveness.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Answer the following questions:

1.What group of animals do we call vertebrates?

2.What ruminant animals do you know?

3.What can you tell about the stomach in ruminants?

4.How do farm animals serve man?

5.What is the meat we eat furnished by?

6.What for horses, mules and oxen have been used by man?

7.What is purpose of farm husbandry?

8.Why is it important to receive different financial assistance options?

II. Find

An extra word:

1.Horses, mules, oxen, pigs, sheep, tractors, cattle;

2.Geese, ducks, swine, turkeys, fowls;

3.Fat, butter, honey, horns, milk, sour-cream, meat;

4.Goats, sheep, cattle, fowls.

A common word:

1.Bones, feather, furs, skins, wool, products, meat, milk;

2.Fishes, mammals, vertebrates, birds, reptiles;

3.Animals, buffalo, kangaroo, rabbit, nutria, mink;

4.Stomach, skin, heart, horn, hair, parts of a body, head, wool.

III. State to what part of speech each word belongs and translate:

Attachment, treatment, activity, direction, movable, fattening, supplier, material, growth, general, measurable, reduction, directly, controller, damageable, condition, domestic, formerly, management, necessary, pasture, economic, environmental, protection, competitiveness, different

IV. Translate the words with negative prefixes in-(im-):

Incorrect, inactive, inorganic, imperfect, incomplete, indirect, immeasurable, immovable, inactivity, immature, immoderate, implant, inorganic, insufficient.

V. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. Mammals are animals that produce milk for their young. 2. Clothing is often made of animal products. 3. The backbone consists of bones, which are joined together along the back. 4. Skins, wool, fur, feather, bones and other parts of animal bodies are valuable raw materials for various industries. 5. Animals cannot live without food. 6. The stomach of ruminants is not simple, as in the pig. 7. Last year the farm began to raise turkeys. 8. Vertebrates are much better known, but are much fewer in number than invertebrates.

VI. Make up sentences and translate them:

VII. Agree or disagree with the statements:

Model A:.Mammals are the animals which suckle their young. Do you agree with me?

Yes, you are quite right. Mammals are the animals which suckle their young.

Model B: Farm animals belong to the group of invertebrates. Am I right?

No, you are wrong. Most farm animals belong to the group of vertebrates.

1.Cattle and sheep are ruminate.

2.In ruminants the stomach is simple.

3.The eggs we eat are furnished largely by chickens.

4.Much of our clothing is made of feather from fowls.

5.Much of the work is now performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery.

VIII. Translate into Ukrainian the following word-combinations:

Animal life, grain crops, poultry farm, animal products, milk yield, beef cattle, bee-hive, pig production, fish farming, milk farm production, silver-fox farm, farm house, farm-hand, zoo keeper, cattle-dealer, cattle-pen, cattle-plague, cattle-ranch, cattle breeder, farm animals breeding, live-stock breeding.

IX. Translate into English:

1.Хребетні підрозділяються на риб, птахів, ссавців та інші класи тварин. 2.М’ясо, що ми їмо, в основному, постачається великою рогатою худобою, вівцями, свинями та птицею. 3. Більшість нашого одягу виготовляється із вовни овець. 4. Коні та бики завжди використовувалися людиною для багатьох видів робіт. 5. Більшість сільськогосподарських робіт зараз виконується тракторами та іншою технікою. 6. Перед тим, як подоїти, корів нагодували. 7. Перші одомашнені тварини використовувалися людиною для м’яса та шкіри. 8. Новий корівник (barn) буде побудований наступного року. 9. Нашій лабораторії незабором надішлють нове обладнання. 10. Цей закон обговорюється зараз нашим урядом.

X. Fill in the blanks using the adjectives in brackets:

(Proud, fast or quick, sly, angry or mad, gentle, wise, free, slow, graceful, hungry, stubborn, silly, busy, playful);

Model: 1.Playful as a kitten.

1.( … ) as a kitten;

2.( … ) as a mule;

3.( … ) as an owl;

4.( … ) as a fox;

5.( … ) as a turtle;

6.( … ) as a bee;

7.( … ) as a rabbit;

8.( … ) as a lamb;

9.( … ) as a goose;

10.( … ) as a swan;

11.( …. ) as a wolf;

12.( … ) as a bull;